Starting with toluene which of the following

Related Questions. Write equations showing how you could prepare each of the following from benzene or toluene and any necessary organic or inorganic reagents. If an ortho, para mixture is formed in any step of your synthesis, assume that you can separate the two Starting with toluene, outline a synthesis give the reagents and the product only of each of thefollowing:a.

Without referring to tables, arrange the compounds of each set in order of basicity a ammonia, aniline, cyclohexylamine b ethylamine, 2-aminoethanol, 3-aminopropanol e aniline, p-methoxyaniline, p-nitroaniline d benzylamine, How would you prepare the following compounds from benzene, using a diazonium replacement reaction in your scheme? Create an Account and Get the Solution. Log into your existing Transtutors account.

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Social Science. Political Science. Literature Guides. Popular Textbooks. Quickly remove and double-bag contaminated clothing and personal belongings. Flush liquid-exposed skin and hair with plain water for 2 to 3 minutes, then wash with mild soap. Rinse thoroughly with water. Use caution to avoid hypothermia when decontaminating children or the elderly.

Use blankets or warmers when appropriate. Flush exposed or irritated eyes with plain water or saline for at least 15 minutes or until pain resolves.

Remove contact lenses if easily removable without additional trauma to the eye. If a corrosive material is suspected or if pain or injury is evident, continue irrigation while transferring the victim to the Support Zone. In cases of ingestion, do not induce emesis.

The use of activated charcoal for hydrocarbon absorption is limited, but it may have some effect, especially in cases of mixed overdose. A soda can and a straw may be of assistance when offering charcoal to a child. Consider appropriate management of chemically contaminated children at the exposure site.

Provide reassurance to the child during decontamination, especially if separation from a parent occurs. As soon as basic decontamination is complete, move the victim to the Support Zone. Be certain that victims have been decontaminated properly see Decontamination Zone above.

Victims who have undergone decontamination or who have been exposed only to vapor generally pose no serious risks of secondary contamination. In such cases, Support Zone personnel require no specialized protective gear. Quickly access for a patent airway. Ensure adequate respiration and pulse. Administer supplemental oxygen as required and establish intravenous access if necessary.

Place on a cardiac monitor. Observe for cardiac arrhythmias. In cases of respiratory compromise secure airway and respiration via endotracheal intubation. If not possible, perform cricothyroidotomy if equipped and trained to do so. Patients who have bronchospasm may be treated with aerosolized bronchodilators. However, the use of sympathomimetic agents such as epinephrine and isoproterenol could precipitate fatal arrhythmias and should be avoided. Selective beta-2 agonists would be preferred, but clinical reports of their use are lacking.

Theophylline derivatives have not been studied. Use all catecholamines with caution because of the enhanced risk of cardiac arrhythmias. Also consider the health of the myocardium before choosing which type of bronchodilator should be administered. Patients who are comatose, hypotensive, or having seizures or cardiac arrhythmias should be treated according to advanced life support ALS protocols.

Monitor fluid and electrolyte status carefully. Correct hypokalemia with potassium phosphate phosphate levels are also generally low. Hypocalcemia may occur following fluid and electrolyte replenishment. Do not administer bicarbonate therapy until potassium and calcium are adequately replaced. Only decontaminated patients or patients not requiring decontamination should be transported to a medical facility. Report to the base station and the receiving medical facility the condition of the patient, treatment given, and estimated time of arrival at the medical facility.

If toluene has been ingested, prepare the ambulance in case the victim vomits toxic material. Have ready several towels and open plastic bags to quickly clean up and isolate vomitus. Consult with the base station physician or the regional poison control center for advice regarding triage of multiple victims. Patients with evidence of substantial inhalation exposure e. Others may be discharged at the scene after their names, addresses, and telephone numbers are recorded.

Those discharged should be advised to seek medical care promptly if symptoms develop see Patient Information Sheet below. Unless previously decontaminated, all patients suspected of contact with liquid toluene and all victims with skin or eye irritation require decontamination as described below. All other patients may be transferred to the Critical Care area.

Be aware that use of protective equipment by the provider may cause fear in children, resulting in decreased compliance with further management efforts.

Also emergency room personnel should examine children's mouths because of the frequency of hand-to-mouth activity among children. Evaluate and support airway, breathing, and circulation. If not possible, surgically create an airway. Patients who are comatose, hypotensive, or have seizures or ventricular arrhythmias should be treated in the conventional manner. Avoid sympathomimetics or catecholamines or use them with caution. Beta-blockers may be more effective than lidocaine in cases of prolonged or resistant arrhythmias.

Patients who are able may assist with their own decontamination. Remove and double-bag contaminated clothing and personal belongings. Remove contact lenses if present and easily removable without additional trauma to the eye.

If a corrosive material is suspected or if pain or injury is evident, continue irrigation while transferring the victim to the Critical Care Area. Be certain that appropriate decontamination has been carried out see Decontamination Area above. Evaluate and support airway, breathing, and circulation as in ABC Reminders above. Establish intravenous access in seriously ill patients if this has not been done previously. Continuously monitor cardiac rhythm. To avoid inducing ventricular fibrillation, use sympathomimetics or catecholamines with caution.

Beta-blockers may be more effective than lidocaine in treating patients who have arrhythmia. Patients who are comatose, hypotensive, or have seizures or ventricular arrhythmia should be treated in the conventional manner. Beta-blockers may be more effective than lidocaine in cases of prolonged or resistant arrhythmia. Administer supplemental oxygen by mask to patients who have respiratory complaints.

However, the use of sympathomimetic agents such as epinephrine and isoproterenol could precipitate fatal arrhythmia and should be avoided. Use all catecholamines with caution because of the enhanced risk of cardiac arrhythmia.

If the skin was in prolonged contact with liquid toluene, chemical burns may result; treat as thermal burns. Because of their larger surface area:body weight ratio, children are more vulnerable to toxicants absorbed through the skin. Ensure that adequate eye irrigation has been completed. Examine the eyes for corneal damage and treat appropriately.

Immediately consult an ophthalmologist for patients who have corneal injuries. Consider endoscopy to evaluate the extent of gastrointestinal-tract injury. Extreme throat swelling may require endotracheal intubation or cricothyroidotomy. Gastric lavage is useful in certain circumstances to remove toxic material and prepare for endoscopic examination. Consider gastric lavage with a small nasogastric tube if: 1 a large dose has been ingested; 2 the patient's condition is evaluated within 30 minutes; 3 the patient has oral lesions or persistent esophageal discomfort; and 4 the lavage can be administered within one hour of ingestion.