Why are jews so expensive

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To ensure continuity, every man was tasked with the duty of imbuing his sons from a young age with the ability to read and write. That was indeed a revolutionary development in a world in which a majority of whose inhabitants were illiterate. All this is well known, but what is less clear relates to the unforeseen consequences of this dramatic development, both for Judaism and for the mutual relations between its adherents and their surroundings.

How could a simple Jewish farmer in some Galilee village in C. And what did he get out of it? This was a central existential dilemma that burdened Jews in that period: to bear the financial burden of education and thereby cleave to Judaism, or to benefit from the immediate saving of such expenditures, and thereby forgo Judaism. Obviously, Jews whose affinity for their religion was weak to begin with, or those who had difficulty learning, would be tempted to choose less difficult alternatives.

In other words, common sense says that part of the Jewish people would assimilate, and therefore the population would gradually decrease. Epidemics and massacres also contributed to this, but these factors account at most for only about half of the steep population decline. In the mid-seventh century, there was an historic encounter between the Jews and then-ascending Islam.

That encounter was destined to strengthen the literacy revolution that had taken root centuries earlier among the Jews, and to channel it in unexpected directions. Within it was inculcated not only the religion of Islam but also a dominant language, Arabic, new institutions and laws.

This tremendous wave of globalization and urbanization sparked increased demand for educated professionals with intellectual skills. This change in the employment structure of the Jewish people occurred even before any legal restrictions were imposed on them with regard to land ownership. In their book, Eckstein and Botticini therefore come up with an original and bold answer to the great historical question of why the Jews became a people of merchants, tradesmen, grocers, bankers, scholars and doctors.

They scattered across the continent and set up businesses, from small stores and factories to financial giants like Lehman Brothers and Goldman Sachs. The great wave of immigration began in Czarist Russia, which was home to about half of the world's Jews, went through a failed industrial revolution and was on the verge of collapse, while the Jews living in small towns became impoverished and suffered from cruel pogroms.

The US became the world's biggest Jewish concentration. The mass immigration to Israel began in , when the US enacted tough laws which halted the immigration. The immigrants arrived in the US on crowded boats, and most of them were as poor as church mice. Many workplaces were blocked to the Jews due to an anti-Semitic campaign led by industrialist Henry Ford.

Many films and books describe the world established in those neighborhoods: Vibrant, but tough and brutal. There was a lively culture of cabarets and small Yiddish theaters, alongside a Jewish mafia with famous crime bosses such as Meyer Lansky, Abner "Longie" Zwillman, and Louis "Lepke" Buchalter, who grew up in the filthy alleys. Many of the Jews, who were socialists in Europe, became active in labor unions and in workers' strikes and protests.

Many trade unions were established by Jews. The Jewish immigrants, however, emerged from poverty and made faster progress than any other group of immigrants. Anti-Semitism weakened after World War II and the restrictions on hiring Jews were reduced and later canceled as part of the Civil Rights Act, thanks to the struggle of liberal activists, many of whom were Jews. As they became richer, Jews integrated into society.

They moved from the slums to the suburbs, abandoned Yiddish and adopted the clothes, culture, slang and dating and shopping habits of the non-Jewish elite. Most Jews left religion when they immigrated to the US, but returned to it later on and joined Reform and Conservative communities, becoming more alike the Americans, most of whom are religious Christians. The Irish, for example, came from families of land workers with a different mentality, studies less and initiated less.

The Jews entered new fields in which there was need for people with initiative. They didn't integrate into traditional banking, so they established the investment banking. It helped the Jews everywhere and especially in the US, which was always more open than other countries and provided equal opportunities, while on the other hand —wasn't supportive of the individual.

They were so poor that they didn't have money for textbooks, so the siblings helped each other. My father was the youngest, and until he started university the four older siblings had already managed to settle down, so they all helped him complete his medical studies.

The most prestigious universities didn't take in Jewish students, so they studied in colleges and got the best grades. When the discrimination disappeared, the Jews reached the top. Israeli businesspeople use their connections in America to open markets and raise funds, especially for the venture capital industry. The fear is increasing, with one-third of US Jews marrying non-Jews and stating that they feel less connected to Israel.